Duplicating machine



Feb. 24, 1925- 1,527,783

E. J. BRASSEUR DUPL`1CATING MACHINE Filed July 17 1924 4 sheets-sheet 1 i dir" ilmwlllln.

INVENTOR A mM/f www BY i.

ATTORNEY Feb, 24, 1925- l 1,527,783

E. J. BRASSEUR DUPLlCATING MACHINE Filed July 17, 192.4 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 lNVENTOR ATTORNEY 1,527,783 E. J. BRASSEUR DUPLLCATING MACHINE Filed July l7 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 IHHI.

Feb, 24, 1925- Feb, 24, 1925- 1,527,783

E. J. BRASSEUR DUPLI GATING MACHINE Filed July 1'?, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Z INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patentedl Feb. 24, 1925.

'UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ERNEST J'. BRASSEUR, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO A. IB. DICK COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

DUPLICATING MACHINE.

Application filed July 17,

To all whom t may concern."

Be it known that I, ERNEST J. BRAssEUR, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Chicago, county of-Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Duplicating Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention pertains to duplicating machines and especially to the machines ofthis nature known as stencil duplicating 'machines In particular the invention has to do with a new and novel inking means that eliminates the besmeared or unclean conditions that have heretofore, in many instances, been attendant upon the inking operations, and to construct the vimproved inking means so that there will be an automatic even distribution of the ink as well as providing for automatic reco-very of excess ink.

The main object of' this invention is to provide a duplicating machine with a new and improved inking means which gives a substantially even distribution of ink, recovery of excess ink, absolute cleanliness and complete and satisfactory operating and printing results.

Another and important object of this invention is to have portions of the novel inking means so constructed as to satisfactorily and efficiently maintain a quantity of free ink in close proximity to the stencil and tohave this ink so held as not to cause excessive inking in printing.

A further object of the invention is to provide such an improved inking means for machines of this type that the excess ink will be automatically recovered into a Suitaable container or reservoir and thereafter to be readily usable. Also to so construct the inking means as to permit the recovery to take place during the operation of the machine.

Another object of this invention is to construct the novel inking means so as to provide a. continuous ink conveyor extending from the trailingend of the perforated diaphragm of such a machine to the leading end of the diaphragm so that ink which .leaves the diaphragm by reason of the rotation may be conducted back to the leading end of the diaphragm. Y.

Another and important object of this in- 1924. Serial` No. 726,465.

vent-ion is to provide a duplicating machine 4with a sealed compartment within which a supplyv of ink isl held and maintained in operable vcondition and within which the inking operation and recovery of excess ink may efficiently take place thus preventing the ink from reaching or flowing to places where itis not desired and thereby providing complete cleanliness which has not heretofore been possible in machines of this nature.

' Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent as a reading of the detailed description is continued.

I-Ieretofore, in duplicating machines and especially in machines of the stencil duplieating type, there has been the disadvantage of uncleanliness due to the ink flowing to parts of the machine where it is not desired and often times reaching one or more places where itsmears the paper which is being printed. Also, very often, the operator performing the inking operation becomes qJoesmeared, and time is required to remove the link and dirt from the operatorshands before proceeding with the other duplicating operations. Thus much valuable time is lost. Also there has not heretofore been any satisfactory manner of evenly distributing the ink so that a continuously even intensity of printing would be obtained.

By reason of the present novel structure and the operation of the same, the above mentioned disadvantages and other disadvantages havebeen eliminated' and it now becomes'possible to add ink to the operating parts of the machine at any time, before or during operation thereof, to recover excess ink, and to perform these-operations without having the ink reach undesirable places. Also, the ink becomes automatically ,dis- .tributed uniformly to a desired thickness, the excess being automatically recovered. Thus, by reason of this construction, it becomes possible to invariably obtain printing or duplication work that is clear, definite andv of uniform intensity.

The preferred embodiment of this invention is herein illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the drum of a stencil duplicating machine partially broken away to show various elements of the improved inking means;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the drum and parts of the frame taken on a linethrough the supporting axis;

, Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken through the complete drum on the lines 3-3 of Fig.

\ Fig 4 is another sectional. view of they perforated diaphragm shown at another po-k sition in relation to the inkreservoir.

` Referring now to these drawings, a drum 1 of a stencil duplicating machine is shown mounted on two upright standards 2 and 3 of a supporting frame. This drum is constructed to be rotated or driven by a suitable handle 4, or if desired a motor driving attachmentmay replace the handle 4.

The drum 1 is constructed in usual manner by providing plates 5 and 6-which are joined and held in position by a perforated diaphragm 7 and suitable connecting 'rods (notshown). The plates are provided with the usual balance "weights 8 and cam members 9-.Which control other parts tof the duplicating machine. The diaphragm, as is usual in machines of this nature, carries asuitable` inking pad'10 and stencil sheet 11 as noted-in Fig. 1. Other well known features andparts of the duplicating machine are not` shown and neither will they be particularly described except as they are involved in presenting the particular im proved inking means. It is however tobe noted that the handle 4 drives the drum through suitable gears 12 and 13, this 'latter gear is'provided with a lug 14 which engages pin 15 carried by plate thereby transmitting the rotative power. In the construction herein shown it Will be noted that the perforated diaphragm 7 is aflixed, usually sealed as by solder or otherwise, to flanges 16 and 17 of the plates 5 and 6 respectively. Other means for accomplishing this purpose may be employed if desired.

The preferred construction of apparatus employed in illustrating thisinvention may be readily appreciated by reference to Figs. 2, 3 and 4. In describing this novel inking means, it is first desired to locate or position all of the parts or elements of the means within the confines of the drum, and next to form a sealed compartment into which ink may be poured and thereafter all of the inking operations may be performed within the compartment so that ink may not pass to parts of the machine Where it is not desired. These features are considered'to be broadly new.

In accomplishing the above purposes there is provided a shield 18 composed of a top portion 19 and sideportions 2O and 21 which are aiiixed or'sealed to the ends and edges of the perforateddiaphragm -7 to form a sealed compartment. An opening 22 in shield 18 provides means for introducing ink into the compartment and asuitable screwcap 2,3 is employed to seal this opening. lt is to. be understood that the shield may be of unit formation if desired, but it, is found that the manufacturing and the assembly operations may be more quickly and easily accomplished by having the shield in separate portions. It will be noted from Fig. 2 .that portions 20 and 21 engage the edges of the diaphragm. .When

desired, certain portions of the plates 5 and 6 may be employed to form parts of the compartment. Forconvenience of assembly and repairs a relatively large opening 24 is provided in shield portion 21, andthis opening is sealed over by a cover 25 after the assembly operations or repairs have been completed. See Figs. 2 and 3. This cover is provided With an upturned tip 26 which is adapted to be received in an opening of a shaft which is rotated to remove the cover 25 from thesealed portions thereby permitting inspection and repairs.

With this sealed compartmentas formed it will be 'noted -that ink may be introduced through opening 22 on to the perforated diaphragm 7 and thereafter upon rotating the drum' the ink-will become 'distributed over the surface of the diaphragm and will pass through the diaphragm to the inking pad 10 and the stencil sheet 11. By reason of the cover portion 19 of the shield extending, in this preferred form, from one end of the diaphragm to the other, there is thereby formed a continuous conveyor for ink to pass from the ltrailing-end of the\perforated diaphragm to the leading end thereof. Thus during rotation of the drum any ink which passes from the end of the diaphragmwill be conducted to the` leading end thereof and thereby will again ,become useful. The formation of such a conveyor is one of the novel features of this improved inking means and is thought to be broadly new. The particular form of conveybr herein shown is only one form of apparatus for accomplishing this purpose, and it is understood that it is not essential that the conveyor form part of a sealed compartment.

It is desired, however, in making the inking means-most eficient to provide a suitable meansj within the compartment for holding `a yquantity of ink, and there is therefore provided a suitable container or reservoir 27 which receives ink as it is introduced through opening 22 and is constructed tolater allow the ink t-o pass to the perforated diaphragm. The particular form of ink reservoir is clearly shown in Figs. l, 2 and 5 and extends preferably the full width of the diaphragm. The preferred construction of the reservoir is in the nature of an open container having a portion thereof formed substantially on the arc of a circle and having the edges 28 and 30 bent inwardly as illustrated in Fig. 5 and provided with openings 31 which permit the ink to flow`or pass to the perforated diaphragm in a predetermined manner so as to have a substantially equal distribution of ink across the diaphragm. The means for tipping the reservoir from a point outside of the sealedcompartment willhereinafter be described in detail. In mounting the reservoir Within the sealed compartment there is provided a suitable shaft 32 which is preferably mounted in end portions 2() and'21 of the shield 18. This mounting is,

such that the shaft does not rotate with the shield or the drum as will hereinafter be more particularly described.

From experience it is found 'that itis desirable in order to attain the' greatest eiiciency of the inking means to obtain a uniform distribution of the ink over the perforated diaphragm 7 in a manner which is preferably automatic. In addition. it is also found to be desirable to maintaina small quantity of ink in close proximity to the stencil sheet. The particular means herein disclosed for accomplishing these purposes comprises a suitable frame work hereinafter to be noted as grid 33, and to preferably provide this grid with longitudinal partitions 34 and cross partitions 35 which form relatively small areas or enclosures over the perforated diaphragm. It is desired to have these partitions so constructed with openings or to be particularly located so as to permit ink to flow from one area or enclosure to another. For this 'purpose there is provided suitable notches or openings 36 in the longitudinal partitions and the cross partitions are preferably located above the diaphragm. It is to be understood that the grid 33 may be placed in contact with the perforated diaphragm or it may be raised a trifle above, but in either position itis considered to be in close association with the perforated diaphragm. Preferably the grid is in contact with the diaphragm. For convenience of manufacturing and assembly the grid is divided into three sections whichmay be inserted through the opening 24 an-d placed in position. The middle vsection of the grid is provided with an opening which is received on pin 37 carried by an upright flange 38 mounted near one edge of the perforated diaphragm.

`All of the grid sections are preferably placed ically held in position between the /flangesi 38 and 40 and against the ends of the diaphragm or other suitable abutments.

It will be seen from the foregoing description that the ink which has been introduced through. opening 22 into reservoir 27 may be passed from this reservoir through the openings 31 when the reservoir has been tipped. The openings 31 are so positioned that the ink will fall into the longitudinal channels of the grid as will be noted in Fig. 4. Also by reason of the cross partitions the distribution of the ink'will be quickly accomplished across the width of the diaphragm. It is desired to have the drum rotated while the reservoir is tipped and thus permit the ink to be distributed between the longitudinal partitions for the length of the grid. The communicating' notches 36 and the distances of the bottom supply of the ink in close proximity to the stencil sheet. It is readily understood that the frame assists in maintaining this ink so that it does not pass through the perforations in the diaphragm too quickly and thus over-saturate the inking pad 10. It will be understood that the longitudinal and cross partitions may be 'constructed so as to provide areas of any particular desired dimensions for accomplishingthe desired dis tribution and maintenance of a small supply of ink.

, After the reservoir has been tipped to permit the ink to fall to the grid and to the perforated diaphragm and the drum rotated sufficiently to permit the distribution of the ink from one end of the diaphragm to the other7 the drum may be rotated at an increased speed thereby causing the ink to spread out and automatically distribute itself in uniform manner over the diaphragm.

In constructing this novel inking means so as to efficiently yand"automatically recover excess ink, any suitable arrangementl may be made. yIt is preferable to construct the shield 18 andthe reservoir 27 so thatl part 46 of the top portion 19 of the shield will be formed in substantially an arc of a circle and to soposition this part in respect -to the non-rotating reservoir that it will pass one edge of the reservoir with a very small clearance. It will be noted from Figs. 3 and 4 that the cover portion 19 of the shield is sealed to` the ends of theperforated diaphragm. Preferably th'ese ends are upturned to form abut-ments 47 and 48 which are pro-vided with openings 50. It will novi7 be clearly seen that when the drum is rotated the excessive ink will passvfrom the perforated diaphragm through openings 50 along the cover portion 19 of shield 18 to the substantially semi-circular part 46 Vand a material portion of this ink will be caught by the edge of the reservoir and will thus be recovered back into the reservoir.

The remainder of the ink will pass on to the leading end of the diaphragm. Thus, excess ink on the perforated diaphragm will Abe automatically recovered into the reservoir. It is to be noted that this recoverthe regular operation of the duplicating machine. L v

From this preferred construction of the improved inking means as hereinbefore described, it will be noted from Figs. 8 and 9that the machine may be left with the drum in any particular position without injury and when positioned with the perforated diaphragm uppermost the ink will quickly return to the reservoir as it is found that it will drop from the partitions as will be especially noted in Fig. 8 instead of havingto flow along the diaphragm to the ends thereof and then along the shield and into the reservoir. With this improved construction there will be a direct and .quick recovery of the ink when the diphragm'is positioned in its normal non-operating'positlon.

It will be seen that the shield, grid and reservoir all cooperate to create the most efficient inking means that gives a uniform distribution of ink over the diaphragm, that maintains a suitable small supply of ink on the diaphragm and that automatically recovers excess ink. The grid automatically operates and -controls the amount of ink held on the perforated diaphragm. In the normal operations of the machlne a platen engages the paper to be printed and holds the paper against the stencil. Normally this platen exerts quite a force to press the stencil against the diaphragm and in so doing if. the' ink pad is saturated the ink is forced back into the areas or enclosures and the movement of the drumv causes Athe excess ink to v.pass to the shield where it is recovered into the reservoir. -'1*h`us,'all of the elements of the inking means cooperate to attain' a very highefiiciency.

It is well understood in machines of this nature that when the ink is maintained within a sealed enclosure that atmospheric temperatures and pressures affect the ink and oftentimes cause parts of the apparatus to sweator to otherwise manifest an unnermal condition within the compartment.1

inlet and outlet which maintains the pressure within the sealed compartment satisfactory and at the same time does not permit such a radical change of air that is detrimental to the ink. Any other suitable means of accomplishing this purpose may be incorporated when desired, but this means ing operation will be accomplished duringA has been satisfactory insitsoperatioln.

The particular kmecha'Ii-ica'l construction which is herein provided` for 'performing the operation o`f tipping the reservoir'- prefer-A ably consists of a shaft 54 mounted in stand` ard 3l and which is provided with a suitable handle 55 for oscillating the same through` a definite length of travel as between stops 56 and 57. (See Fig. 7.) The pin 58 is mounted in the shaft 54 and is movable with the handle 55 to engage the stops. The left hand end of shaft 54 is provided with a lug 60 which engages a suitable slot 61 formed in the end of shaft 32 as may be readily noted .by reference to Figs. 2 and 6. In

assembling the shaft 32 and the reservoir27 the Ventilating pipe 53 must come into oorrect position to the tipping handle 55 as there is provided a suitable bolt 62 which` passes through the' lower portion of the slot 61 thereby requiring that the lug 60 be inserted in slot 61 in onlyone position. There is provided a suitable spring 63 which has one end in engagement with the shaft 54 and the other end in engagement with a shaft 65 which functions to support the drum on the standard 3. This spring causes the reservoir to be .automatically returned to its normal position after it has been tipped tx) permit the ink to flow to the perforated diaphragm. Thus itwill be seen that the reservoir within the sealed compartment may be tipped at will from a, point outside of the compartment. Other constructions may be employed to acomplish this purpose but the present apparatus has been satisfactory.

In the construction of the sealed compartment, it has been found from experience that it is desirable to provide end Wells in the Walls of the sealed compartment so that as the drum is taken from the machine and placed on either end or in any position other than horizontal that the ink Withinthe compartment will not pass out of the compartment to undesirable places in the machine. To form these end Wells there is provided offset portions 66 and 67 in the shield 18. These end Wells are ofl suiicient width or depth to receive the usual quantity of ink, which may be in the reservoir in addition to the ink held on the perforated diaphragm, in such a manner as to prevent the ink from leaking through the diaphragm and flooding the edges of thel stencil'` sheet and ink pad. It Will be noted that upstanding flanges 38 and 4:() form With the offsets 66 and 6I respectively unobstructed channels so that as the drum is again mounted inthe standards and rotated or `brought back to the horizontal, the ink in the end VWell will quickly pass to the semic'ircular portion 46 of the shield and will be recovered into the reservoir and from which it may again be passed on to the perforated diaphragm.

- It Will be seen from the foregoing description that the cap 23 may be removed and ink placed in the reservoir 27. Usually the reservoir is Qf 'such size as to receive a full pound of ink. The inkthen Within a sealed compartment is maintained in good operating condition by reason of the Ventilating means, but it is not subjected to a flow of air thereover Which always tends to deteriorate the ink. The operations of normally distributing the ink on the perforated diaphragm and for recoveringlexcess ink have already been described in detail and it will not therefore be necessary to go further into detail. It Will be noted from the above outline of the parts of the improved .inking means that all of the inking operations are performed Within a sealed compartment and that it is possible to recover excessinlr. and

that a suitable quantity of ink l.is always in close proximity to the stencil sheet in such a manner as to admit of substantially uniform intensity of printing. It will `also be noted that when any portion of the stencil sheetappears to be drying by not having a suficient quantity of ink, the drum mayl be rotated to desired position and the ink reservoir tipped from a' point exterior of the drum to pass ink to the point of the perforated diaphragm which is not properly supplied with ink. Thus, with only a moinents hesitation in the normal operation of the machine, ink may be supplied to any p points which donot appear to have sufficient quantity of ink. This improved inking means, therefore, provides for all the inking operations being carried on Within a 55 properly Ventilated sealed compartment, and

as so constructed duplicating operations may A be carried on from day to .day Without necessitating a series of preparatory inking operations before the machine will produce satisfactory duplicating Work of substantially uniform intensity `of printing.

It Will be understood that While there is here described in detail a particular embodiment of the invention for purposes of full disclosure, and some detailed features `Which are specifically claimed for a special advantage, many changes and modifications may be made in the particular construction and arrangement of parts Without departing from the broad scope of the invention Which is outlined in the subjoined claims.

f What I claim is:

l. In a duplicating machine the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum and constructedv to `receive ink which passes to a stencil, and a cover means mountedIWithin the con-lines of said drum and being con strufted to form a portion of a sealed compartment Within which the inking operation of said machine is performed, said diaphragm being arranged to form a portion of said compartment, said cover means and said diaphragm forming a sealed compartment that enclosesv a supportmounted substantially in the axis of said drum, the cubical volume of said compartment being less than that of said drum.

2. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum and constructed to form part of the circumference thereof, and means associated With said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment therewith, said compartment vbeing sufficiently large to enclose a support mounted substantially in the axis of said drum, the cubical volume of said compartment being less than that of said drum.

3. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum andvconstructed to form part of the circumference thereof, a shield associated With said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment therewith, a separate ink carrying receptacle mounted Within said compartment, said receptacle adapted to be tipped to release ink therefrom.

4. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated d'aphragm carried by said drum, a shield associated with said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment therewith, said `shield being carried Within the confines of A Within said compartment, said reservoir being non-rotatable in respect to said drum and said shield.

5. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum,

a. shield associated With said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment therewith, and an ink reservoir held Within said compartment and .being non-rotatable in respect to said drum and said shield, said reservoir being positioned to be tipped to permit ink to fiow to said` diaphragm. n

6. In a duplicating machine, the vcombination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, a

shield associated With said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment therewith, a4

reservoir mounted Within'said compartment for holding ink and adapted 'to be tipped to p'ermit the ink to iow to said diaphragm. and means for distributing the ink over said diaphragm. A t

7. In a duplicating machine the combination of a stencil carrying drum, an ink reserf voir positioned Within the confines of said tion of a stencil carrying drum, a per` forated diaphragm carried by said drum, a grid positioned in contact .With said diaphragm for assisting in distributing ink over said diaphragm and for maintaining a small supply of ink thereon, said grid being partitioned to form yrelatively small enclosed areas, and having openings in the partitions of said grid to permit ink to flow from one area to another, and a reservoir mounted yvilthin saiddrum for holding a supply of in v 10. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a per'- forated diaphragm carried by said drum,

an inkcarrying receptacle mounted WithinJ the confines of said drum, and a grid juxtaposed to said diaphragm for assisting in distributing the ink thereover.

11. In a duplicating machine, the combination of astencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum,

an ink reservoir mounted Within the confines of said Idrum and constructed to 'be r'tipped to free ink on to said diaphragm, and

a grid means positioned in proximity to said,

diaphragm for controlling the distribution of ink thereover.

12. In a duplicating machine, the combination of. a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum and constructed to receive ink Which passes to a stencil, a cover means mounted Within the confines of said drum and being constructed to forma portion of a sealed compartment Within which the inking operation of said machine is performed, said `dia" phragm being arranged to form a portion of said compartment, and means juxtaposed to said diaphragm and being non-movable in respect thereto for assisting in distributing ink over said diaphragm.

13. In ay duplicating machine the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, a shield cai'ried by said drum and being sealed Witli said diaphragm to form a sealed compart` .ment Within which inking operations are performed, and means placed in proximity to said diaphragm and being non-movable in respect thereto for maintaining a small supply of ink substantially uniformly distributed over said diaphragm.

14. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a `stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by 'said drum, a shield carried by said drum and being sealed to said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment Within vWhich inling operations are performed, and a grid mounted Within said vcompartment and in close relation to said diaphragm for assisting in the distributing of ink placed on said diaphragm.

15. In a duplicating machine the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, a shield carried by' said drum and being sealed to said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment Within which inking operations are performed, anda' grid positioned to have parts thereof in contact With said diaphragm for controlling the distribution of inl; over said diaphragm and for maintaining a small supply of ink thereon.

16. In a duplicating machine the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, a

`shield carried by said drum and being sealed to said diaphragm to form a. sealed compart-- ment Within which inking operations are performed, and a grid positioned partially in contact with said diaphragm for assisting in distributing ink over said diaphragm and formaintaining a small supply of ink thereon, said grid being partitioned to form relatively small enclosed areas.

17. In a duplicating machine the combination of astencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, a shield carried by said. 41@ being Sealed to said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment within which inking operations are performed, and a grid positioned in contact with said diaphragm for controlling the distribution of ink over said diaphragm and for maintaining a small supply of ink thereon, said grid being partitioned to form relatively small enclosed areas and having openings in the partitions of said grid to permit ink to flow from one area to another.

18. In a duplicating machine'the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a. perforated diaphragm carried by said drum,.a shield also carried by said drum and -constructed to form a sealed compartment with said diaphragm, said shield being carried within the confines of said drinn and being of such size as to make the cubicalvolume of Said compartment greater thanone half but less than the whole of the cubical volume of said compartment, and a tipable non-rotating reservoir mounted within said compartment for holding a supply ,of ink.

19. In a duplicating machine the combination of aI stencil carrying drum, a per'- .forated diaphragm carried by said drum and adapted to receive an inl; pad and a stencil sheet, and a shield sealed tosaid diaphragm thereby forming a compartment therewith and within which compartment ink may be maintained irrespective of the positionof said drum, said shield being carried within the confines of said drum and being of such size as to make the cubical f volume of said compartment greaterv than one half but less than the whole of the cubical .volume of said compartment.

20. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum and constructed to form part of the circumference thereof, and a shield associated with said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment therewith, said shield being provided with end wells to receive the ink within said compartment when said drum is placed on either end.

21. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, and a shield carried by said drum and being sealed to the edges and ends of said dia- 'phragm for forming a sealed compartment therewith, said shield being carried within the contines of said drum and being of such size as to make the cubical volume of said compartment greater than one half but less than the whole of the cubical volume of said compartment. v

22. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, and a shield carried by said drum and being sealed to the edges and ends of said diaphragm for forming a sealed compartment therewith, said shield being provided with wells in each side thereof for receiving the ink within said lcompartment vwhen said drum is moved into horizontal position.

v 23. In a duplicating machine,the combi- 70 nation of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said Vdrum and forming part of the circumference thereof, a shield associated with said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment therewith, said shield being provided with end wells to receive the ink within said compartment when said drum is placed on either end, and a non-rotating ink reser voir Amounted within said shield.

24. In a duplicating machine, the combi'- nation of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum and forming part of the circumference thereof, a shield associated withsaid diaphragm to form a sealedy compartment therewith, said shield being provided with end wells to receive the ink within said compartment when said drum is placed on either end, a non-rotating ink reservoir mounted within said shield, and a grid positioned within said compartment and in `proximity to said diaphragm for assisting in the inking operation performed within said compartment.

25. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum and constructed to form part of the circumference thereof, a shield associated with said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment therewith, said shield being pro# vided with end wells to receive the ink within said compartment when said kdrum is placed on either end, .a non-rotating ink reservoir mounted within said shield, and a grid positioned within said compartment and injuxtaposition to said diaphragm for assisting in distributing ink over said diaphragm, said grid being partitioned to form small enclosed areas for maintaining ink in predetermined, relation to said diai phragm 26. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum,`a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum and constructed to form ypart of the circumference thereof, and a shield associated with said diaphragm to form a sealed^ compartment therewith, a non-rotating ink .120 reservoir mounted within said shield, and a grid positionedwithin said compartment and in proximity to said diaphragm, said grid being partitioned to form small areas or controlling distribution of ink and for maintaining ink in predetermined relation with said diaphragm, said grid partitions being provided with openings which permit mk to iow from one area to another.

27. In a duplicating machine the combi- 130V said reservoir adapted to be tipped to permit ink to flow to said diaphragm.

29. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, aperforated diaphragm carried by said drum, an open ink reservoir carried by said drum and being non-rotatable therewith, said reservoir adaptedl to be tipped to permit ink to flow to said diaphragm, and means associated vwith said reservoir for tipping the same, said means being operable from a point outside of said drum.

v30. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a' stencil carrying drum, a perorated diaphragm carried by said drum,

and an open reservoir mounted within the confines of said drum and adapted to be tipped to pour ink on to said diaphragm, said reservoir having a portion of its exterior formed in the arc of a circle and having a length substantially 'equal to the Hof said drum. .In a duplicating machine, the combiwid# nat y forated diaphragm carried by said drum, an open reservoir mounted within the confines of said drum and adapted to be tipped to pour ink on to said diaphragm, said reservoir having a portion of its exterior formed in thev arcof a circle and having its edges bent inwardly and providing the edges with openings through which ink `passes to predetermined portions of said diaphragm when said reservoir is tipped.

32. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum,

.an open reservoir mounted within the confines of said drum and adapted to be tipped to pour ink on to said diaphragm, 4said reservoir having a portion of its exterior formed in the arc of a circle, the length of said reservoir being substantially equal to the width of said drum, the edges of said reservoir being bent inwardly and being'provided with openin s through which ink passes on to the diap ragm when said reservoir is tipped, and means exterior of said drum for tipping said reservoir.

33. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphra carried by said drum, a shield associate with said diaphragm for forming a compartment therewith, and an n of a stencil carrying drum, a per- -open reservoir mounted within said com-- forming a compartment therewith, an open' reservoir mounted within said compartment for holding ink and being non-rotatable in relation to said drum, and means operable on the outside of said compartment for tipping said reservo-ir to cause the ink to flow on to said-diaphragm.

35. In a duplicating machine the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, a shield affixed to said diaphragm in amanner to form a sealed compartment therewith, and a non-*rotating ink reservoir mounted within said compartment, said shield being offset to pass around said reservoir as said drum is rotated.

36. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a per- 'forated diaphragm carried by said drum, a

shield associated with said diaphragm for forming a compartment therewith, and an open reservoir mounted within said compartment for holding ink and being nonrotatable in relation to said drum, said reservoir having an exterior portion thereof constructed substantially in the arc of a circle.

37. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by saidfdrum, a shield associated with said diaphragm for forming a sealed compartment therewith and an open reservoir mounted within said compartment for holding ink and being nonrotatable -in relation to said drum, said shield being formed to have a portion thereof pass in close proximity to one edge of said reservoir as said drum is rotated.

38. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, a

shield associated with said diaphragm for n forming va sealed compartment therewith, and an open reservoir mounted within said compartment for holding ink and being nonrotatable in relation -to said drum, said shield having a portion thereof formed substantially in the arc of a circle to pass around said reservoir as said drum is rotated and to pass I in close proximity to an edge of said reservoir. n

39. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, a shield associated with said diaphragm for forming a compartment therewith, and an open reservoir mounted Withinsaid compartment for holdlng ink and being nonrotatable relation to sald drum,sa1d reservoir having an exterior portion thereof constructed in the arc of a circle, said shield having a. portion thereof formed substantially in the arc of a circle to pass aro-und said reservoir in close proximity thereto.

40. In a duplicating machine the combination of a stencilvcarrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, a

shield also carried by said drum and4 being sealed to said diaphragm to form a compartment therewith, a shaft mounted in said shield and in the line of the axis of said drum, and an ink carrying reservoir mounted on said shaft and adapted to be nonrotatable with said shield.

42. In a duplicating machine the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragmcarried by said drum, a

shield also carried by said drum and being sealed to said diaphragm to form a compartment therewith, a shaft mounted in said shield and in the line of the axis of said drum, an* ink carrying reservoir mounted on said shaft and adapted to be non-rotatable with said-- shield, said reservoir being constructed to be tipped to permit ink to Y iow to said diaphragm, and means exterior of said vcompartment for tipping said reservoir.

n 43. In al duplicating machine the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, a shield also carried by said drum and being sealed tosaid diaphragm to form a compartment therewith, a'shaft mounted in said shield, an ink carrying reservoir mounted on said shaft and adapted to be non-rotatable with said shield, said reservoir being constructed to be tipped to permit inl: to flow to said diaphragm, means exterior of said compartment-fortipping said reservoir. and means for limiting the extent to which said reservoir may be tipped.

44. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, a shield also carried by Said drum and being sealed to said diaphragm to form a compartment therewith, a 'shaft mounted in said shield, an ink carrying reservoir mounted on said shaft and adaptd to be non-rotatable with said shield, said reservoir being constructed to be tipped to permit ink to flow to said diaphragm, operating means exterior of said compartment for tipping said reservoir, means for limiting the extent to which said reservoir may be tipped, and spring means for returning said reservoir' to its normal position after it has been tipped.

45. In a duplicating machine the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum and arranged to receive ink, and a shield affixed to the ends of said diaphragm for allowing ink to pass from the trailing end of said diaphragm to the leading end thereof as said drum is rotated. g

46. In a duplicating machine the Vcombination of a stencil carrying drum, aperforated diaphragm carried by said drum and arranged to receive ink, a shield affixed to the ends of said diaphragm for allowing ink to pass from the trailing end of said diaphragm to the leading end thereof as sa-id drum is rotated, and an ink reservoir carried by said drum for supplying ink to said diaphragm.

47. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, means for inking said diaphragm, and means for recovering excess ink from said diaphragm.

48. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perfo rated diaphragm carried by said drum and constructed to receive ink, and means for recovering excess ink iowing from said diaphragm, said means being operable torecover ink during the operation of said machine.

49. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, a shield associated with said diaphragm, and ink reservoir carried by said drum and being non-rotatable therewith, said shield being constructed to receive excess inkpassing from said diaphragm, said vreservoir constructed to have one edge thereof positioned in close proximity to a portion of said shield during a part of the travel of said shield to thereby recover excess ink back into said reservoir.

50. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, an open ink reservoir mountedwithin said drumand constructed to be tipped to have ink pass therefrom to said diaphragm from over one edge of said reservoir, and means associated with said reservoir and said diaphragm for receiving excess ink liowing fromsaid diaphragm and for passing the same back into said reservoir.

51. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, an open ink reservoir mounted within said drum and constructed to be tipped to have ink pass therefrom to said diaphragm from over one edge ofsaid reservoir, and means associated with said reservoir and said diaphragm for receiving excess ink and for returning the same to said reservoir over another edge of said reservoir.

52. In a duplicating machine the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum and arranged to receive ink, a shield aflixed to the tion of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum and adapted to receive an ink pad and a stencil sheet, a shield sealed to the edges and ends of said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment therewith, and an ink reservoir mounted within said compartment and being nonrotatable in respect to said drum, said shield and saidl reservoir being constructed to have a portion of said shield pass in close proximity to one edge of said reservoir to thereby permit excess ink on said shield to be recovered into said reservoir. i

54. In a duplicating machine, the combination of` a stencil carrying drum, a perfo- .rated diaphragm carried by said drum and adapted to receive an ink pad and a stencil sheet, a shield sealed to the edges and ends of said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment therewith, and an ink reservoir mounted within said compartment and being nonrotatable in respect to said drum, said shield and said reservoir being constructed to have a portion of said shield pass in close proximity to one edge of said reservoir to thereby permit excess ink on said shield to be recovered into said reservoir, said shield being provided with end wells for receiving ink from said reservoir and from said diaphragm when said drum is tipped or placed -on either end. 4

55. In a duplicating machine. the combination of a stencil carrying drum,- a perforatcd diaphragm carried by said drum, a shield sealed to the. edges and ends of said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment therewith, an ink reservoir mounted within said compartment, said shield being provided with end wells for receiving ink when said drum is placed on either end. said shield and said reservoir being constructed and mounted to have said reservoir non-rotatable and to have said shield pass in close proximity to said reservoir when said drum is rotated to thereby recover ink from said shield into said reservoir, and channels formed along the edges of said diaphragm and extending to the top portion of said shield to permit relatively rapid low of ink to said top portion of said shield where it is recovered into said reservoir.

56. In-a duplicating machine, the combinationof a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, means for inking said diaphragm, means cooperating with said inking means for recovering excess ink flowing from said diaphragm, and means for holding a predeter' mined amount of ink in close proximity to said diaphragm 57. In a duplicating machine the combination of a stencil carrying drum a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, means for inking said diaphragm, means cooperating with said inl'ring means for recovering excess ink, and a grid positioned in close proximity to said diaphragm for assisting in distributing ink over said diaphragm and for maintaining a predetermined amount of ink on said diaphragm, the excess ink flowing from said dia hra and automatically passing to sai in recovering means.

58. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a per- Jforated diaphragm carried by said drum, means for inkin'g said diaphragm, means cooperating with said inking means for recovering excess ink from said diaphragm, andy a grid enga ing said diaphragm for assisting in distri uting ink thereover, said grid being partitioned to form small enclosed areas, said partitions being provided with openings for permitting ink to pass from one area to another.

59. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum a perforated diaphragm carried by said rum, a shield aiiixed to the ends and edges of Said diaphragm and being sealed therewith to form a sealed compartment, an ink reservoir mounted within said compartment and havinga portion thereof formed in the are of a circle and extending substantiallyJ across said diaphragm, said reservoir being non-rotatable in respect to said drum, and a id mounted in engagement with said ia.- phragm for substantially uniformly distributing thereover the ink received from said reservoir.

60. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a drum adapted to be rotated, a perforated diaphragm extending circumferentially for a portion of the distance around said drum, a shield carried by said drum and being sealed to the ends and edges of said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment therewith. an ink reservoir mounted within said compartment but not rotatable with said drum, said reservoir. being suspended to be tipped to allow ink to iow to said diaphragm, and a grid mounted in en? l perforated diaphragm formingl part of said drum and being adapted to receive ink and a frameA constructed with a plurality of relatively small open areas, said frame being normally positioned in close proximity to said diaphragm to assist in distributing some of the ink lover said diaphragm and to support some of the ink to give an even supply thereof on said diaphragm, said frame positioned to permit ink to flow therebeneath and above said diaphragm.

62. In a duplicating machine, adrum, a.

perforated diaphragm forming part of said drumA and being adapted to receive ink, and a frame constructed with a plurality of relatively small open areas, said frame being `normally positioned in close proximity to said diaphragm and having more than two points thereof in contact with said dia,- phragm for supporting said frame in the predetermined relation to said diaphragm, said frame being positioned to permit ink A to flow therebeneath and above said diaphragm, said frame operating to assist in distributing some of the ink over said diaphragm and to support some of the ink to give an even supply thereof on said diaphragm.

63. In a duplicating machinethe combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum and constructed to receive ink which passes to a stencil, a cover means mounted within the confines of said drum and being constructed to form a portion of a sealed compartment within which the inking operation of said machine is performed, said diaphragm being arranged to form another portion of said compartment, and means for Ventilating said sealed compartment.

64. In a "duplicating machine, the combination of a .stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, a shield sealed to said diaphragm to form a compartment therewith, and means for venytilating said compartment.

In a duplicating machine, the combination of astencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm-carried by said drum, a

shield sealed to said diaphragm to form a compartment therewith, and means for ventilating said compartment, said means constructed to prevent ink from entering an air opening in said Ventilating means.

66. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, a

shield aHixed to said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment therewith, a shaft mounted within' said shield and in line with said drum for permitting the passage of small quantities of air to and from the' interior of said compartment.

67. In Va. duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, a shield affixed to said diaphragm to form asealed compartment therewith, an open ink reservoir mounted within said compartment and constructed to cooperate with a portion of said shield to recover excess-ink which flows from said dia hragm, and means for Ventilating the interior of said compartment. 4 68. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perforated diaphragm carried by said drum, a shield affixed to said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment therewith, an openink reservoir mounted within said compartment and constructed to cooperate with a portion of saidl shield to receive .excess ink which iows from said diaphra m, a grid associated with said diaphragm or distributing ink 'thereover to asubstantially uniform thickness, and means for maintaining the` atmospheric ressure within said compartment substantial y equal to the lpressure of the external atmosphere.V

69. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a lstencil carrying drum, a perfo-y rated diaphragm carried by said drum, a shield associated with said diaphragm to form a sealed compartment therewith, an open ink reservoir mounted within said compartment and being non-rotatable in respect to said drum, means extending to the eX-' terior of said compartment for tipping said reservoir to permit ink to flow to said diaphragm, and means for Ventilating the interior of said compartment.

70. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a stencil carrying drum, a perfo rated diaphragm carried by said drum, a grid mounted on said diaphragm and partitioned into relatively small areas, said grid being provided with openings to permitink to flow from one area to another, a shield en gaging the ends and edges of said diaphragm and being sealed thereto to form a sealed compartment, an open ink reservoir mounted wlthin said compartment and ex'- tending substantially the full width thereof, said reservoir being non-rotatable in respect to said drum and being mounted to permit` ink to fall to said diaphragm in a predetermined manner, said reservoir cooperating with a part of said shield to recover excess ink which passes from said diaphragm, and

rated diaphragm carried by said drum, a

grid mounted on said diaphragm and partitioned into relatively small areas, said grid being provided With openings to permit ink to flow to adjacent areas, a shield engaging the ends and edges of said diaphragm and being sealed thereto to form a sealed compartment, an open ink reservoir mounted Within said compartment and extending substantially the fll Width thereof, said reservoir being nonrotatable in respect to said drum and being mounted to permit ink to fall to said diaphragm, said reservoir having a portion thereof formed substantially in the arc of a circle, said shield having a portion thereof also formed substantially in the arc of a circle so as to pass the reservoir in closs proximity to one edge thereoI thereby permitting excess ink in the arc por tion of the shield to pass into said reservoir, means extending to the exterior of said compartment for tipping said reservoir, and means associated with the mounting of said ink reservoir for Ventilating said compartment.

This specification signed this 15th day of July, 1924.

y ERNESTJ. BRASSEUR. 

